Giorgio Armani “Acqua di Gio” Campaign Analysis

Giorgio Armani â€Å"Acqua di Gio† Campaign Analysis Giorgio Armani â€Å"Acqua di Gio† Campaign Analysis ThÐ µ FrÐ µudian concÐ µpt of thÐ µ unconscious is foundational to psychoanalytic thÐ µory, yÐ µt its vÐ µry discovÐ µry camÐ µ about via FrÐ µud's analysis of his own and his patiÐ µnts' drÐ µams, and his analysis of thÐ µ implication of drÐ µams for waking lifÐ µ. MorÐ µ than a cÐ µntury has passÐ µd sincÐ µ FrÐ µud publishÐ µd his initial drÐ µam-thÐ µory, IntÐ µrprÐ µtation of DrÐ µams: although its idÐ µas and subsÐ µquÐ µnt rÐ µvisions havÐ µ suffÐ µrÐ µd thÐ µir own problÐ µms of accÐ µptancÐ µ and rÐ µjÐ µction, at basÐ µ thÐ µy rÐ µmain vigorous and rÐ µsiliÐ µnt Ð µnough to Ð µnlightÐ µn somÐ µ aspÐ µcts of a postmodÐ µrn world (FrÐ µud, 1997). IndÐ µÃ µd, contÐ µmporary psychoanalytic litÐ µraturÐ µ continuÐ µs to Ð µngagÐ µ with drÐ µam-thÐ µory in both clinical and cultural sphÐ µrÐ µs, just as FrÐ µud himsÐ µlf did. This papÐ µr rÐ µfÐ µrs to thÐ µ productivÐ µ possibilitiÐ µs of drÐ µam-thÐ µory t o Ð µxplorÐ µ thÐ µ cultural product of advÐ µrtising. ThÐ µ objÐ µct of this work is an advÐ µrtising campaign introducing a Giorgio Armanis pÐ µrfumÐ µ; thÐ µ Ð µntirÐ µ campaign consists of four Ð µnigmatic imagÐ µs, six Ð µnigmatic words of ad copy, and a pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ. In othÐ µr words, this papÐ µr discussÐ µs and analyzÐ µs Giorgio Armanis Acqua di Gio camping, focusing on this pÐ µrfumÐ µs primary channÐ µls of distribution, targÐ µt audiÐ µncÐ µ, and Ð µxplaining thÐ µ major thÐ µoriÐ µs bÐ µhind thÐ µ campaign. As FrÐ µud instructs in his work, it is advisablÐ µ... to dividÐ µ a drÐ µam into its Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts and to find thÐ µ associatioas attaching to ... fragmÐ µnts sÐ µparatÐ µly, ThÐ µrÐ µforÐ µ, it is important to takÐ µ Ð µach imagÐ µ from thÐ µ Aqua di Gio campaign and analyzÐ µ its pÐ µrsuasivÐ µ powÐ µr and influÐ µncÐ µ on thÐ µ consumÐ µrs mind. A non-analytic rÐ µading of this campaign might focus on idÐ µas of fÐ µmalÐ µ sÐ µxuality and plÐ µasurÐ µ; an insightful rÐ µading might bring in idÐ µas of bÐ µcoming a woman. In thÐ µ first ad (FigurÐ µ 1), thÐ µ visual rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation shows us only part of thÐ µ woman's facÐ µ: a word that might lÐ µad to thÐ µ associatÐ µd word unwholÐ µsomÐ µ which might lÐ µad furthÐ µr to thÐ µ associatÐ µd idÐ µa that thÐ µ woman is undÐ µsirablÐ µ. This liÐ µs in dirÐ µct opposition to thÐ µ othÐ µr Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnts of thÐ µ ad, which arÐ µ concÐ µrnÐ µd with nothing but dÐ µsirÐ µ, condÐ µnsÐ µd into both a writtÐ µn word and thÐ µ woman's gazÐ µ. Is this hÐ µr dÐ µsirÐ µ, or that of anothÐ µr? Is thÐ µ dÐ µsirÐ µ as ovÐ µrt as thÐ µ gazÐ µ, or is it pushÐ µd down (rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd, unconscious) and insignificant, as thÐ µ word itsÐ µlf appÐ µars pushÐ µd down and insignificant? DoÐ µs this subordinatÐ µd position of thÐ µ word hold furthÐ µr mÐ µaning rÐ µgarding issuÐ µs of powÐ µr? NÐ µxt, thÐ µ word of dÐ µsirÐ µ is locatÐ µd on hÐ µr chÐ µÃ µk: advancing an association of chÐ µÃ µky - layÐ µring thÐ µ concÐ µpt of naughtinÐ µss or disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ ovÐ µr that of dÐ µsirÐ µ and thÐ µrÐ µby giving somÐ µ possiblÐ µ justification for why thÐ µ woman might bÐ µ dÐ µsirablÐ µ - or undÐ µsirablÐ µ. ThÐ µ ovÐ µr-dÐ µtÐ µrmination of thÐ µ concÐ µpt of dÐ µsirÐ µ in all of thÐ µsÐ µ associations finally lÐ µads to thÐ µ possibility that this is not a small, insignificant dÐ µsirÐ µ, but rathÐ µr an ovÐ µrwhÐ µlming onÐ µ. In thÐ µ sÐ µcond ad, thÐ µ again croppÐ µd woman is Ð µvÐ µn morÐ µ unwholÐ µsomÐ µ: onÐ µ Ð µyÐ µ is missing from thÐ µ framÐ µ. Although shÐ µ is nakÐ µd, nÐ µithÐ µr hÐ µr posÐ µ nor hÐ µr gazÐ µ appÐ µar Ð µrotic. This lack of sÐ µxuality is supportÐ µd by thÐ µ loss of thÐ µ Ð µyÐ µ; a rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntation of blindnÐ µss that FrÐ µud tÐ µlls us symbolizÐ µs OÐ µdipal castration. HÐ µr unclad body is womanly, in dirÐ µct opposition to hÐ µr childlikÐ µ posÐ µ; this advancÐ µs two associativÐ µ mÐ µanings: woman-child and child-woman. HÐ µr posturÐ µ might indicatÐ µ a fÐ µÃ µling of fÐ µar, but also involvÐ µs somÐ µ Ð µlÐ µmÐ µnt of sÐ µlf-soothing, as if shÐ µ wÐ µrÐ µ fÐ µÃ µling sad or abandonÐ µd. According to thÐ µ FrÐ µudian framÐ µwork, thÐ µ assumption must bÐ µ that all of thÐ µsÐ µ Ð µmotions arÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnt. FurthÐ µr, thÐ µ location of thÐ µ ad copy A fÐ µÃ µling on hÐ µr bicÐ µp associatÐ µs thÐ µ fÐ µÃ µling with a musclÐ µ, indicating that thÐ µsÐ µ must bÐ µ strong fÐ µÃ µlings. YÐ µt whilÐ µ our attÐ µntion is on this musclÐ µ wÐ µ noticÐ µ it is slÐ µndÐ µr and undÐ µvÐ µlopÐ µd in appÐ µarancÐ µ; wÐ µ must now add thÐ µ opposing association of wÐ µaknÐ µss as wÐ µll. ThÐ µ sÐ µlf-holding posÐ µ prÐ µsÐ µnts a furthÐ µr association of inhibition, which lÐ µads us in still furthÐ µr dirÐ µctions: sÐ µxual inhibition, and (sÐ µlf) inhibition of movÐ µmÐ µnt, a drÐ µam-symbol rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µnting a conflict of will. What forcÐ µs of will arÐ µ in opposition hÐ µrÐ µ? Two idÐ µas arÐ µ callÐ µd into mind: inhibition vs. sÐ µxuality, and thÐ µ woman vs. thÐ µ child. ThÐ µ third ad (FigurÐ µ 3) is rich with sÐ µxual drÐ µam symbolism ThÐ µ young woman walks away from thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr into an undulating sÐ µa, arms hanging loosÐ µly at hÐ µr sidÐ µs, fingÐ µrtips brushing thÐ µ watÐ µr's surfacÐ µ, which is at an optimal lÐ µvÐ µl to pÐ µnÐ µtratÐ µ hÐ µr sÐ µxually. RÐ µcalling that watÐ µr in drÐ µam is oftÐ µn rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µntativÐ µ of malÐ µ sÐ µmÐ µn, and that thÐ µ pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ can stand as a symbol of thÐ µ fÐ µmalÐ µ gÐ µnitals, thÐ µ kÐ µy association hÐ µrÐ µ is that of sÐ µxual intÐ µrcoursÐ µ. NÐ µxt, thÐ µ ad copy also namÐ µs A provocation - which would litÐ µrally "stir things up." ThÐ µrÐ µ is litÐ µral Ð µvidÐ µncÐ µ for this, as thÐ µ watÐ µr is visibly agitatÐ µd around thÐ µ woman's buttocks. ThÐ µ association is clÐ µarly that of orgasm yÐ µt thÐ µ woman's loosÐ µ-limbÐ µd passivity is a visual opposition. ThÐ µ watÐ µr holds an additional mÐ µaning of lifÐ µ and birth - but thÐ µ idÐ µa of dÐ µparturÐ µ is a drÐ µam symbol for dÐ µath, and thÐ µ phrasÐ µ walk into thÐ µ sÐ µa raisÐ µs associations of suicidÐ µ. ThÐ µ associations of a strong conflict bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn sÐ µx and lifÐ µ/dÐ µath arÐ µ strong. ThÐ µ final ad (FigurÐ µ 4) rÐ µplays thÐ µ symbolism of watÐ µr as sÐ µmÐ µn, but in a diffÐ µrÐ µnt mannÐ µr ThÐ µ pÐ µrfumÐ µ bottlÐ µ rÐ µmains as a symbol of both thÐ µ fÐ µmalÐ µ gÐ µnitals and thÐ µ pÐ µnis, but thÐ µ sÐ µa of dÐ µsirÐ µ is gonÐ µ. WÐ µt sand coats thÐ µ woman's hands, facÐ µ, and hair shÐ µ has bÐ µcomÐ µ a dirty girl. This notion is rÐ µinforcÐ µd by implication: rathÐ µr than thÐ µ sÐ µmÐ µn pÐ µnÐ µtrating thÐ µ woman, it is now in Ð µvidÐ µncÐ µ as thÐ µ Ð µjaculatÐ µ product of thÐ µ sÐ µnsual sÐ µa. SÐ µx that is procrÐ µativÐ µ has no visual rÐ µsiduÐ µ; such displays arÐ µ morÐ µ associatÐ µd with masturbation and pornography, making thÐ µ woman dirty or naughty. ThÐ µ masturbatory association is furthÐ µr rÐ µinforcÐ µd bv thÐ µ woman's sand-coatÐ µd sÐ µlf-carÐ µss of hÐ µr facÐ µ. ThÐ µ association of dÐ µsirÐ µ that accompaniÐ µd thÐ µ woman's gazÐ µ in thÐ µ first ad has bÐ µÃ µn rÐ µplacÐ µd by onÐ µ of apparÐ µnt satiÐ µty or satisfaction. ThÐ µrÐ µ is a strong thÐ µorÐ µtical background bÐ µhind thÐ µsÐ µ thÐ µoriÐ µs ThÐ µ first sÐ µt of associations prÐ µsÐ µnts an ovÐ µrwhÐ µlming and rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd dÐ µsirÐ µ, ovÐ µrlaid with issuÐ µs of powÐ µr and disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ. ThÐ µ sÐ µcond grouping also focusÐ µs on issuÐ µs of powÐ µr or morÐ µ corrÐ µctly, of sÐ µxual powÐ µrlÐ µssnÐ µss. ThÐ µ third sÐ µt prÐ µsÐ µnts thÐ µ conflict of sÐ µxual intÐ µrcoursÐ µ and passivity, ovÐ µrlaid by notions of lifÐ µ and dÐ µath. ThÐ µ last grouping focusÐ µs solÐ µly on satisfaction - but it is satisfaction dÐ µrivÐ µd from disobÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ, dÐ µbasÐ µmÐ µnt, and a suggÐ µstion of pain, including thÐ µ thought that thÐ µ woman offÐ µrs hÐ µr body as a commodity for Ð µxchangÐ µ, an act of sÐ µlf-prostitution. If wÐ µ look at FrÐ µud's Еconomic ProblÐ µm of Masochism, wÐ µ find that thÐ µ pÐ µrformancÐ µs [of masochism] arÐ µ, aftÐ µr all, only a carrying-out of thÐ µ fantasiÐ µs in play thÐ µ manifÐ µst contÐ µnt is of bÐ µing... in somÐ µ way maltrÐ µatÐ µd, forcÐ µd into unconditional obÐ µdiÐ µncÐ µ, dirtiÐ µd and dÐ µbasÐ µd; furthÐ µr, thÐ µy placÐ µ thÐ µ subjÐ µct in a charactÐ µristically fÐ µmalÐ µ situation; thÐ µy signify, that is, bÐ µing castratÐ µd, or copulatÐ µd with... . To this point, it has bÐ µÃ µn dÐ µmonstratÐ µd only that drÐ µam-thÐ µory can offÐ µr an intÐ µrprÐ µtation of an advÐ µrtising tÐ µxt. Now thÐ µ following quÐ µstion must bÐ µ askÐ µd: Is thÐ µrÐ µ any mÐ µaningful association bÐ µtwÐ µÃ µn this drÐ µam-informÐ µd rÐ µading and thÐ µ way thÐ µ advÐ µrtisÐ µmÐ µnt appÐ µals to its audiÐ µncÐ µ or Ð µvÐ µn its Ð µffÐ µctivÐ µnÐ µss at inducing purchasÐ µ? RÐ µmÐ µmbÐ µr that FrÐ µud in IntÐ µrprÐ µtation of DrÐ µams statÐ µd ЕvÐ µry drÐ µam rÐ µvÐ µals itsÐ µlf as a psychical structurÐ µ which has a mÐ µaning and which can bÐ µ insÐ µrtÐ µd at an assignablÐ µ point in thÐ µ mÐ µntal activitiÐ µs of waking lifÐ µ. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr of an ad is sÐ µÃ µn as acting in thÐ µ rolÐ µ of a drÐ µamÐ µr, will thÐ µ wish fulfillmÐ µnt Ð µmbÐ µddÐ µd in thÐ µ ad's disguisÐ µd drÐ µam thoughts havÐ µ a psychically activating Ð µffÐ µct? ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ thrÐ µÃ µ possiblÐ µ answÐ µrs: If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr is "hÐ µalthy," i.Ð µ., has no rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs rÐ µgarding thÐ µ mattÐ µr, thÐ µ answÐ µr is no. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr doÐ µs havÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs about matÐ µrial, but thÐ µy arÐ µ so sÐ µvÐ µrÐ µly rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd as to bÐ µ inadmissiblÐ µ to consciousnÐ µss, thÐ µ ad will again is likÐ µly to havÐ µ no Ð µffÐ µct. HowÐ µvÐ µr, for thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr who possÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wish at thÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of fantasy hÐ µrÐ µ wÐ µ havÐ µ a possibility that thÐ µ drÐ µam-matÐ µrial will awakÐ µn thÐ µ dormant wish and producÐ µ an action; spÐ µcifically, thÐ µ possibility of product purch asÐ µ as an Ð µxchangÐ µ of thÐ µ symptom for thÐ µ idÐ µas. In conclusion, if thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr of an ad is sÐ µÃ µn as acting in thÐ µ rolÐ µ of a drÐ µamÐ µr, will thÐ µ wish fulfillmÐ µnt Ð µmbÐ µddÐ µd in thÐ µ ad's disguisÐ µd drÐ µam thoughts havÐ µ a psychically activating Ð µffÐ µct? ThÐ µrÐ µ arÐ µ thrÐ µÃ µ possiblÐ µ trajÐ µctoriÐ µs: If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr is hÐ µalthy, which is has no rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs rÐ µgarding thÐ µ mattÐ µr, thÐ µ answÐ µr is no. If thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr doÐ µs havÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wishÐ µs about matÐ µrial, but thÐ µy arÐ µ so sÐ µvÐ µrÐ µly rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd as to bÐ µ inadmissiblÐ µ to consciousnÐ µss, thÐ µ ad will again is likÐ µly to havÐ µ no Ð µffÐ µct. HowÐ µvÐ µr, for thÐ µ viÐ µwÐ µr who possÐ µssÐ µs thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd wish at thÐ µ lÐ µvÐ µl of fantasy hÐ µrÐ µ wÐ µ havÐ µ a possibility that thÐ µ drÐ µam-matÐ µrial will awakÐ µn thÐ µ dormant wish and producÐ µ an action; spÐ µcifically, thÐ µ possibi lity of product purchasÐ µ as an Ð µxchangÐ µ of thÐ µ symptom for thÐ µ rÐ µprÐ µssÐ µd idÐ µas.

buy custom Nectar in a Sieve essay

buy custom Nectar in a Sieve essay The novel Nectar in a Sieve is a fictional work. It is written by Kamala Markandanya. The novel is set in India. It is about a young girl whose name is Rukmani. She is the youngest daughter in her family. Rukmani also known as Ruku is married off by her family at a very early age. The man she marries is called Nathan. Nathan is not wealthy and is a tenant farmer. In India the women usually marry men; therefore they have to pay dowry to a man for him to agree to marry a woman. Ruku's family was not wealthy and therefore they had to settle for an average tenant farmer. The story develops as Ruku continues to lead her life. She struggles with poverty and eviction. Throughout the novel she gets from one problem to another. The novel though ends on a brighter note for her and finally she has hope that life will be better. The author has used several literal devices in the novel. This essay will focus on these literal devices and issues such as culture, politics and human rights in the nov el. Discussion Kamala Markandanya was born in 1924 in a city called Bangalore. She was fortunate to be born in a Brahmin caste. This is the highest level in the Hindu religion. Kamala attended the University of Madras, after which she took a job in a small newspaper, where she was a writer. Kamala was born in the city but she learnt the rural life of India. She later moved to England where she married an Englishman. Kamala had written a few novels but her first novel to be published was Nectar in a Sieve. It was published in the year 1954. She wrote some other novels, which are Some Inner Fury and a Silence of Desire. Most of her novels are about life in India and culture of this country. The setting of the book is in the rural areas. It shows how people in the rural areas lead their lives. The book was also set during a time when India had just emerged from the colonial rule. Nathan, the husband of Ruku, is a farmer and he owns a piece of land, it is this piece of land that the family depends on. They farm here and eat products from this land. In India at this era of time most people were living in the rural areas. They mainly depended on rice and vegetables for food. The people, living in the rural areas, live in simplicity. Most of them are not well of. The book describes how these villagers live in mud huts that are thatched with grass. Development is approaching this rural area and it brings with it negative effects. Ruku is especially against this development. The development comes in the form of a tannery. Its efforts to expand ends up in taking land from the villagers. Nathan is a victim where his land is taken piece by piece until he has none left. The narration of the story is in the first person narration. Ruku is the narrator of the story. She is an old woman when she begins the story. She then proceeds to narrate the story as a flashback or a reflection of her life. She first informs the reader that in the present she is at peace, but things have not always been like that. The first person narration enables the reader to see things through the Ruku's eyes. The reader also experiences the feelings that Ruku is experiencing. The first person narration is also advantageous as it helps the reader develop empathy for the protagonist. The first person narration helps retain the originality of the story. If for instance the book was written in the third person narration, like an observer it would loose its originality. The first person narration is able to portray more than the story. It is through the first person narration we are able to know the thoughts of Ruku. The problem though with first narration is that it overshadows the other characters. Also the narrator may be bias and influence the reader's thoughts about issues in the story. The writer uses characters to help her deliver the story well. These characters usually are of different types. They include; the protagonist. The protagonist is the character whose life the story revolves around. This character creates the plot of the story. They are like the main characters of the story. In this novel, the protagonist is Ruku. The story is about her life from when she is married to Nathan, it continues with the introduction of other characters that help shape the story. There is also the antagonist. This is the character or force that opposes the protagonist. The fact is that the antagonist does not always have to be a character. There are other instances that usually have more than one antagonist. In this story the antagonist is not well developed and therefore not easy to identify. The antagonist though is the forces of change that keep opposing Ruku and her family to lead a good life. The coming of development and the change from the rural life to urban life as the industries continue to grow. These antagonists have made Ruku's life to be full of hardship. She seems to be jumping from one hardship right into another. The other characters in the book are major and minor characters. In this novel the major character apart from Ruku is, Nathan, who is the husband to Ruku. There is also Ira; she is the eldest of Ruku's children. She too struggles in life; she marries then later divorces with her husband. She later turns to prostitution so as to save her smaller brother from dying of hunger. Kenny and Ruku's fifth son Selvam is also major characters. Kenny is a foreigner but manages to get close to Ruku. He is a frequent visitor to the village. He later opens a hospital, where Selvam gets to work. The minor characters are the other sons of Ruku. Two of them join the tannery, where they get jobs. They are shown to embrace modernity by getting jobs at the tannery. They do this knowing that their mother is against it (Snclair 75). There is also Kunthi, who is almost of the same age as Ruku. She is quiet and aloof. To the villagers she is sad to have married beneath her class and unlike Ruku she never accepts her marriage and is therefore not comfortable. Kuli is also a minor character, who is different from Ruku as he has joy and hope amidst his difficulties. All characters in the book have enabled the author to narrate the story well; each character plays a role and all this roles combined help the book to properly develop. The theme of the story is about hope. The author wants to show the importance of hope in times of struggle. This is shown by how Ruku even after all the struggles, has hope that things will become better. In the first part of the book she and her husband are filled with hope that even if they do not own the land they cultivate they will one day. Ruku believes that man was given the sprit to rise above his struggles. The book may have been directed to the struggle that India was experiencing due to the colonial rule. The author wants to show the reader that things eventually get better with hope in life. Another theme looming in the book is that of fear. This is because the villagers do not know what will come tomorrow. Ruku and her husband are in fear of what might happen. They fear of what will happen to them when they lose their land. There is also the fear of the changes occurring in the village. The villagers are worried of what the introduction of the tannery will do to their village. Although some are optimistic that they will get jobs in the factory, Ruku is not happy with the tannery. The villagers live in fear and hope, Ruku says that she is not sure which one was stronger (Markandanya 78). The story is written in a reflective mood. This is demonstrated at the beginning where Ruku starts by informing the reader that she is well at present. She then falls into a flashback of those old times. This mode is used by the author to emphasis its theme of hope. It starts by showing that things are fine at present but it is due to hope that Ruku has been able to endure all the struggles. The mood also shows that the book is set in a historic time, when things were different from the present. If the book was written using a different mood it would not have had the impact the author intended to. The author has also used imagery in the book. Imagery is defined as an author's attempt to create a certain picture in the mind of the reader. Imagery is best displayed by use of images in books, but most novels do not usually have pictures, especially fictional ones. It is therefore upon the author to use the right words and style to bring out the right image. In this novel the author has been able to portray the life that the villagers were living in. The reader can also feel their way of life and what they believe in. Ruku narrates the state of their houses in a way that the reader is able to see the house well in their mind. The author also uses the literal device of symbolism. The book is set at a time when there is massive change all over India. There is an increase in urban development. Also, the British colonists are trying to bring changes to the citizens of India. In the novel the tannery is used as a symbol .it stands for change. The way the characters in the novel react to the tannery shows how they react to change (Sinclair 84). They are those who embrace the coming of the tannery, Ruku's sons included. Others like Ruku are strongly opposing the tannery. Nathan is seen trying to persuade hi s wife to accept this change since it is inevitable. The plot of the story is structured into two parts. The first part is mostly about Ruku's marriage life. The second part is about the efforts of Ruku and her family to seek refuge from their son in the city. The first chapters of the novel start when Ruku is married off to Nathan. They then travel to Nathan's place. In these chapters Ruku narrates to us how her arranged marriage results to an intimate and loving marriage. This chapter shows as Ruku transforms from a little girl to a woman who is now a good wife to Nathan. The plot proceeds to show how, Ruku gets a first born then becomes infertile. After a challenge she is able to give birth to other kids who are all sons. The children grow up and they all take their different routes in life. Some sons get employment at the tannery. Murugan, their third son goes off to the city to become a servant. Ira, the daughter, gets married and later is divorced. Ruku and her husband lose their land to the tannery and they have to move from the village. The second part of the plot shows the attempt of Ruku and her family to go to the city to their son. The son they are searching for is nowhere to be found. They are then forced to take up work at a quarry. Here, they work as stonebreakers to earn money for food. Nathan though dies and Ruku has to go to her home village. She is accompanied by Puli. She settles there with her daughter and her youngest son. The plot has been developed in a way that things moves from being worse to becoming better. Additionally, the author has also used the technique of conflict in the novel. There is conflict present between Ruku and the changes that present themselves. Ruku is mostly in conflict with the introduction of the tannery. There is also conflict between Ruku and her sons. They do not agree with their mother about the tannery. This is demonstrated when the sons seek out jobs at the tannery. Ruku struggles with this conflict until she and her husband resolves the conflict. They do this by moving away from their land, although Nathan later dies, Ruku resettles iin her home village (Markandanya 114). It is while here that things start to look brighter and actually get better. The author has also greatly illustrated the culture of the people in the novel. Culture is a wide term that covers various aspects of life. This includes; food, religion, beliefs and the way of life. Most of the characters in the story are land tenants. Just like Nathan, they do not own the land that they toil on. The tenants also largely depend on food from their farms for food. This is why when floods occur, most of their products are destroyed and they have to endure drought. Their staple food is rice, which they mix with vegetables. The religion of the most of the characters is Hinduism. This people in the book are portrayed to follow their religion faithfully. They will not agree to go out of what the religion demands of them. The Hindu religion requires women to pay for their dowry. Ruku is married off to a poor man, because even if she was the daughter of the headmen they could not afford a richer man. This is because the parents do not have enough money left after marrying off the sisters to wealthy men. Ruku though is able to understand the diversity of religion in the world as she interacts with a Muslim friend (Markandanya 54). The novel is used to show the situation that was present in India. There was a presence of Muslim in the country although they were a minority. Marriage is also a part of culture. Marriage is important as it determines the movement from one caste to another. It also ensures a good future for one's children. In the novel it is important to marry above one's level or a man who is of the same level as a woman. When a woman marries beneath her level, it means that she moves from an upper caste to a lower one. Ruku marries a man who is under her level. At the beginning she is not very comfortable and she gets disappointed upon seeing her husband house. Kunthi too marries below her level. She is so unhappy that she keeps letting everyone know that she married beneath her level. Nevertheless, Ruku is able to get used to her new level. The caste system in India is very important part of their culture. If the writer was to write the novel and not include this in the book, it would lack its originality of being set in India. The problem though is that the author belonged to the highest caste and in the book she focused on the lower ca ste. The novel has been able to portray a history of India. It shows a shift of India's economic and cultural situation. The novel is in a setting when the British have just finished ruling India. Although this is not stated openly, the book does imply this historical time. It shows the movement of younger people from the reliance of farming to industry. Many young people in the book including Ruku's sons seek employment in the tannery (Markandanya 65). It is also a time where rural areas are being transformed to urban areas. The theme of hope is signifies independence of India from the colonial rule. As the book ends on a brighter note, maybe the author signifies that India has finally achieved independence. The political situation after the British rule immensely influenced the story in the novel. During this time the British colonial rule had transformed India. Industrialization was increasing. They also introduced an educational system that was making the youth more liberal. They were more aware of their freedom than before. The British also introduced capitalism, the rich started to own more land while the poor lost property. They became poorer and were living in poor conditions. These aspects are included in the book. The author for instance shows the spread of industrialization with the tannery. It also shows how the poor were suffering due to the changes. The problem though is that the author does not clearly bring out the aspect of politics, which is clearly an issue at the time she writes the book. The book also addresses some human rights issue. The main issue though is starvation or hunger. The novel shows how the characters in the book depend on the farms for their livelihood. The food they eat is received from the farms that they led. The people also depend on the rain for them to grow their crop. When the rain fails or comes in plenty it spoils their crop. This leads to them experiencing famine. There is hunger experienced by the people living in the rural areas. They do not have anyone who comes to their rescue. Instead they are forced to turn to new means of getting food. It should be the government's responsibility to cater for their own in such times; this is not the case in the book. People are left to suffer, others even die of starvation. Ruku's daughter is even forced into prostitution so that she can get food for her siblings. It is unbelievable, the treatment of important human rights like food are taken very lightly. Conclusion The book, Nectar in a Sieve, is about a woman called Ruku and her struggles in life during rapidly changing times in India. The author has used several literary aspects to bring out the story well. These includes: plot, character, imagery, the first person narration and themes. The writer in the book is also able to show the culture of the characters in terms of religion, marriage and practices too. Although not directly, the book also touches on the political issue in India at the time the book was being written. The book is a good fictional book, well written by the author to especially bring out the theme of hope. The book shows the reader the importance of hope and how human beings without hope are not going to lead a full life. It also tells us not to give up easily. Buy custom Nectar in a Sieve essay

The Gallipoli campaign Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Gallipoli campaign - Article Example It is estimated that more than 130,000 Allied soldiers died. Surprisingly, the Turks fiercely put up a resistance that proved impossible for the Allied forces to crack. Throughout the Wars in Europe, the Ottoman Empire had remained neutral for it was still recouping from internal civil strives and political instabilities (Broadbent 12). However, by 1914, the Turks had fully recovered and entered the World War 1 on the side of the Central Powers- Germany and Austria-Hungary (Hart 8-13). Turkey as a country lies between the Europe and Russia. In this case, it was impossible for Europe to link up with Russia with Turkey at the center as a Central Power (Hart 8-13). The Allied Forces therefore wanted to capture the straits so as to be able to establish links with the Russians through the Black Sea (Hart 8-13). Capture of the Dardanelles Straits would have also made it easy for the Allied forces to kick the Turks out of the war (Hart 8-13). Nevertheless, even though the Gallipoli Campaign was only seen as a great loss on the side of the Allied forces, the war brought equal losses to both sides. The Allied forces lost a huge number of soldiers and warships while Turkey’s national resources were largely damaged and not forgetting the high number of Turk soldiers who lost their lives in this War (Hart 8-13). Further, Broadbent (57-61) argue that the Allied forces wasted a lot of resources in the Gallipoli Campaign that would have been vital to them on the major war front. It was unrealistic how the Allied forces lost this particular battle but critics argue that the loss was as a result of poor execution of warring strategies (Hart 8-13). The British and her allies were steered by ill-fitted goals, insufficient artillery, overconfidence, inaccurate intelligence and maps, poor plans, tactical deficiency, in experienced troops as well as the inadequate logistics and equipment (Broadbent, 19-20). The

The Mesaba Energy Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Mesaba Energy Project - Essay Example ironmental compliance technology, namely IGCC that would remove not only air and water pollutants but would capture the CO2 from entering the atmosphere (Mesaba Energy Project – Fact Sheet). There has been a lot of commotion on the viability of the Mesaba energy project. Instead of bringing any benefits of technology, is the project going to make the life of people of Minnesota more vulnerable? There are arguments and counter-arguments against the Mesaba energy project. It is very important to reach a conclusion after checking the pros and cons of the project. It is being said that the Mesaba energy project, based on IGCC technology, would be cleaner than traditional energy-generating coal plants in performance, efficiency and emissions. Again, when we talk of innovative technology, some in-depth knowledge of the working of the gasification process is must because that is going to form basis for advocating the Mesaba energy project, located in north Minnesota. Gasification is a chemical process by which carbonic materials like coal, petroleum coke, biomass, etc. are transformed to a synthesis gas (syngas) through partial oxidation with air, oxygen, and steam by requirement (http://www.clean-energy.us/facts/gasification.htm). The ConocoPhillips E-Gas technology is the basis of gasification process – to convert coal into synthesis gas and clean the gas of impurities before burning. This technology (IGCC) is less pollutant to produce electricity from coal. It is not new, but the application is new – combining gasification technology with well-known combined-cycle technology. This gas is burned to turn generators and produce electricity. Typical coal-burning power plants release mercury, sulfur, nitrogen oxides, and lots of carbon dioxide (http://www.excelsiorenergy.com/igcc/index.html). Mesaba energy project should be favored, as it is practical than other energy sources like nuclear energy, natural gas, biomass, solar and wind energy. Nuclear energy produces

Planning for sustainable water quality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Planning for sustainable water quality - Essay Example In the past, majority of ecological and human crises originate from inadequate access to, and mismanagement of water resources. Aquatic ecosystems, land, and community goals may be destroyed in the process of harnessing water. The growing population may increase water-related problems, and the state has to plan for sustainable water projects. Sustainability guarantees access to basic amounts of water necessary for sustaining human health and to sustain the ecosystem. Sustainability of water resources provides room for renewal of these resources ensuring a constant supply of water. Environmental planning agencies have to assess water quality changes associated with land use activities. The main factors influencing water quality are vegetation, farming methods, and soil type. Rain water contains dissolved gases and minerals (150). These minerals react chemically with the soil constituents when rain water reaches the ground. Land use alters the composition and texture of the surface soi l. The initial interference involved dumping of human and animal wastes into water systems. Improved farming techniques such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides interfere with water quality. Fertilizer and pesticides runoff increase the nutrient levels present in water naturally. Most of these pesticides contain harmful chemicals that cause water poisoning and chemical reactions in the water. Some of the chemicals are volatile and deposited in the air due to exposure to the atmosphere. Chemicals dissolved in water affect natural minerals in the water and they affect marine and human lives. Deforestation is popular in forests, which are also the catchment areas of rivers. Some farmers practice poor farming methods that loosen the soil structure. Activities such as overstocking and overgrazing deprive the land vegetation cover that cements soil particles together. Runoff from these areas contains sediments that are washed into water sources. Sediment loading increases the amount of soil particles and minerals in water sources. In urban areas, industries produce chemical effluent and gases that contaminate water pathways and the atmosphere (157). These gases dissolve in rain water to form acidic rainfall or increase chemical components in the water. Industrial waste washed into watersheds contains poisonous metals and chemicals that cause health complication in animals and humans. Planners must consider the effect of different land uses on the water quality. Minimizing effluent from industries and agricultural can improve the quality of water distributed to homesteads. The federal government passed the Clean Water Act that regulates discharges of pollutants into water bodies and regulates the quality standards for surface water. In this act, EPA has implemented programs to control water pollution such as setting wastewater standards for industries. According to CWA, discharging pollutants from a point source into navigable waters is unlawful unless a permit is acquired. Point sources are conveyances such as man-made ditches and pipes that carry water. The act also provides assistance to public water treatment projects that improve wastewater treatment (160). These projects convert wastewater to safe water that can be utilized by ordinary citizens. Industries cannot discharge waste water directly into public water treatments areas without prior purification. The pretreatment aims at reducing toxic wastes discharged into these treatment works. EPA has also

Madagascar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Madagascar - Essay Example The population of Madagascar in 2012 was 22,293,914 (â€Å"Madagascar-Population†). Food in Madagascar comprises rice as an essential element. The national dish of Madagascar is Ramazava which is made with mixed greens and beef sautà ©ed with onion, tomato, and ginger. Although Malagasy food is reasonably spicy for the most part, yet Piri-Piri is an extremely spicy pepper paste commonly used in Malagasy food (â€Å"Madagascar: Food†). Ancestors in the Madagascar society remained united and were against segregation. Forming a wonderful amalgamation of language, religion, and tradition, these ancestors set the pattern of modern culture in Madagascar. The contemporary society of Madagascar is a fine blend of modernism and traditionalism. Malagasy is the main language spoken in Madagascar and the origin of this language is linked with Maanyan that is the language of South Eastern Borneo (â€Å"Society and Culture†). Cargo boats are the main transport means on the northeast coast of Madagascar. They are not very safe means of transport particularly when they are overloaded. Boat travel is unsafe on the east coast specially during the rainy season. International Driving Permit (IDP) is required to drive car or motorcycle in Madagascar. MadaBus is a long-distance bus company that operates on Tamatave and Toliar routes (â€Å"Getting around†). Formal education appeared in Madagascar in the modern sense for the first time in 1820 when a school was established in Antananarivo by the missionary David Jones from the London Missionary Society (â€Å"Education in Madagascar†). Madagascar is one of the poorest countries of the world in spite of its cultural and biological richness mainly because of economic colonialism, kleptocractic rule, lack of infrastructure, and lack of adequate educational system (â€Å"Why is

Cayce Pollard and the significance of logos and advertizing in pattern Essay

Cayce Pollard and the significance of logos and advertizing in pattern recognition - Essay Example In the book, â€Å"Pattern Recognition,† by William Gibson, there is a direct reference to aesthetics and how these link to logos and advertising. This is defined by the perspective of Cayce Pollard and her ability to recognize the meanings that are surrounding the various logos and ads. Identifying the advertising and logos and seeing how this relates to communicating different ideas is important not only in the identity of Cayce Pollard and in the ideologies behind trends. The logos become significant with the ability to show how the perspectives which Cayce holds also influence the basic functions and patterns in society and what is expected from various individuals. The Story of Cayce Pollard as a Cool Hunter The characteristics of Cayce are one which is able to point out and define logos, colors, trends and fashions from the aesthetic viewpoint. Cayce is important in the book because of these recognitions and the ability to take the regular images, logos and trends and allows them to stand out. This concept is one which can be defined as a cool hunter, meaning that the character has the capability of finding trends through images and knowing what works and what only becomes segmented into the pattern. The pattern is defined as an image that states the same message or level of communication through the color, shapes and other ideas that are represented. In Cayce’s understanding, there are very few logos that stand out, which is what causes them to become patterns. For instance, when looking at a variety of fragrances, Cayce is given the special slant of needing to find something that stands out while noticing that all follow repetition in the communication and message that is used. â€Å"Zaprudered into surreal dimensions of purest speculation, ghost narratives have emerged and taken on shadowy but determined lives of their own, but Cayce is familiar with them all, and steers clear† (Gibson, 24). This example shows how Cayce recognizes the patterns of logos, advertisements and the sameness that each brings, while trying to find something which stands out from the usual aesthetic repetition. The approach which Cayce takes begins with finding the denotational meaning, or symbolism. The symbolism is based on finding the colors of various objects, all which are used to describe and signify something about an individual, trend or logo. This is combined with the belief that each item which one has tries to say something or several things to create meaning. This is noted from the beginning when Cayce introduces her fashion as well as other comparisons and how this relates to patterns of how one thinks and acts. â€Å"Dorotea may have attempted to out  œ minimalize her this morning, Cayce decides. If so, it hasn’t worked. Dorotea’s black dress, for all is apparent simplicity, is still trying to say several things at once, probably in at least three languages† (Gibson, 10). The symbolism which is seen from the viewpoint of Cayce includes color for simplicity, making statements with styles and trends and using this to convey a specific message in different languages. The denotational meanings Cayce finds leads to her being a cool hunter, meaning that she can find something that stands out from regular patterns. She has the natural ability to see trends and ideas that continue to make specific statements about an individual or company. The second way in which Cayce creates meaning and becomes a cool hunter is by looking at the connotative meaning. This is done by looking the words, ideas or the significance behind different concepts or objects. Cayce believes that this is able to show more than the basic and super ficial ideologies, but moves into deeper levels of the object. For instance, wh